Reagents and instruments for immunology, cell biology and molecular biology.

Trolox [53188-07-1]

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Cat# HY-101445-1g

Size : 1g

Brand : MedChemExpress

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Description

Trolox is an analogue of vitamin E with a powerful antioxidant effect. Trolox is also a powerful inhibitor of membrane damage^[1]^[2].

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	GI₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 2a	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 29129514]
Erythrocyte	IC₅₀	101 μM Compound: trolox	Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced hemolysis in rat RBC after 3 hrs Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced hemolysis in rat RBC after 3 hrs	[PMID: 12828473]
HBL-100	GI₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 2a	Antiproliferative activity against human HBL100 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human HBL100 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 29129514]
HeLa	GI₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 2a	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 29129514]
HepG2	IC₅₀	> 300 μM Compound: TroH	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27344490]
HL-60	IC₅₀	0.3 μg/mL Compound: Trolox	Antioxidant activity in PMA-stimulated Homo sapiens (human) HL60 cells assessed as inhibition of intracellular ROS generation incubated for 30 min prior to PMA stimulation measured after 30 min by DCFH-DA assay Antioxidant activity in PMA-stimulated Homo sapiens (human) HL60 cells assessed as inhibition of intracellular ROS generation incubated for 30 min prior to PMA stimulation measured after 30 min by DCFH-DA assay	10.1007/s00044-011-9882-z
HL-60	IC₅₀	3.6 μM Compound: trolox	Antioxidant activity in human HL60 cells assessed as inhibition of TPA-stimulated hydrogen peroxide induced DCFH-DA oxidation by fluorometric microplate assay Antioxidant activity in human HL60 cells assessed as inhibition of TPA-stimulated hydrogen peroxide induced DCFH-DA oxidation by fluorometric microplate assay	[PMID: 16562834]
MCF7	IC₅₀	> 300 μM Compound: TroH	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27344490]
Melan-a	IC₅₀	> 300 μM Compound: 2	Depigmentation activity in mouse Melan-a cells assessed as inhibition of melanin formation after 4 days Depigmentation activity in mouse Melan-a cells assessed as inhibition of melanin formation after 4 days	[PMID: 22071299]
Melan-a	IC₅₀	300 μM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against mouse Melan-a cells by modified crystal voilet assay Cytotoxicity against mouse Melan-a cells by modified crystal voilet assay	[PMID: 22071299]
MT4	IC₅₀	200 μM Compound: TroH	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27344490]
NRK-52E	EC₅₀	1.9 μM Compound: Trolox	Cytoprotective activity against LPS-induced NRK-52E cells assessed as reduction in cell death measured every 5 min for 72 hrs by xCELLigence based RTCA analysis Cytoprotective activity against LPS-induced NRK-52E cells assessed as reduction in cell death measured every 5 min for 72 hrs by xCELLigence based RTCA analysis	[PMID: 32141747]
PC-12	IC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Trolox	Antioxidant activity in rat PC12 cells assessed as inhibition of Fe2+-induced reactive oxygen species formation after 1 hr by DCFH-DA dye-based fluorometric analysis Antioxidant activity in rat PC12 cells assessed as inhibition of Fe2+-induced reactive oxygen species formation after 1 hr by DCFH-DA dye-based fluorometric analysis	[PMID: 26447940]
PC-12	IC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Trolox	Antioxidant activity in rat PC12 cells assessed as inhibition of Fe2+-induced ROS production after 1 hr by DCFH-DA staining-based fluorometric analysis Antioxidant activity in rat PC12 cells assessed as inhibition of Fe2+-induced ROS production after 1 hr by DCFH-DA staining-based fluorometric analysis	[PMID: 23751098]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	30 μM Compound: Trx	Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced ROS production measured after 4 hrs by H2DCFDA-AM probe based fluorescence assay Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced ROS production measured after 4 hrs by H2DCFDA-AM probe based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 29275229]
RPMI-8226	IC₅₀	> 300 μM Compound: TroH	Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27344490]
SH-SY5Y	IC₅₀	82.3 μM Compound: Trolox	Antioxidant activity in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as inhibition of H2O2-induced DCFH oxidation measured after 1 hr by DCFH-DA dye based fluorescence assay Antioxidant activity in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as inhibition of H2O2-induced DCFH oxidation measured after 1 hr by DCFH-DA dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 27541262]
SW1573	GI₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 2a	Antiproliferative activity against human SW1573 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human SW1573 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 29129514]
T47D	GI₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 2a	Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 29129514]
U-937	IC₅₀	300 μM Compound: TroH	Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27344490]
WiDr	GI₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 2a	Antiproliferative activity against human WiDr cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human WiDr cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 29129514]

In Vitro

Trolox has shown to protect mammalian cells from oxidative damage. Trolox is effective in preventing myocyte necrosis in cell culture studies and in a canine model of two hours of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by four hours of reperfusion^[1].
Trolox could prevent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in thymocytes. Pre- or post-treatment of cells with Trolox reduced H₂O₂-induced DNA fragmentation to control levels and below. ^[2].
Trolox is a hydrophilic analog of alpha-tocopherol and reported to scavenge peroxyl radicals better than vitamin E in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles and in liposomes. Trolox prolongs substantially the survival of human ventricular myocytes and hepatocyte against oxyradicals generated with xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine, and prevented lysis of red cells exposed to an azo-initiator^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 233.33 mg/mL (932.24 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	3.9954 mL	19.9768 mL	39.9537 mL
5 mM	0.7991 mL	3.9954 mL	7.9907 mL
10 mM	0.3995 mL	1.9977 mL	3.9954 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.31 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.31 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.31 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.87%

Data Sheet (275 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (247 KB) HNMR (261 KB) LCMS (91 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Mickle DA, et al. Myocardial salvage with trolox and ascorbic acid for an acute evolving infarction. Ann Thorac Surg. 1989 Apr;47(4):553-7. [Content Brief]

[2]. Forrest VJ, et al. Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis prevented by Trolox. Free Radic Biol Med. 1994 Jun;16(6):675-84. [Content Brief]

[3]. Wu TW, et al. The cytoprotective effect of Trolox demonstrated with three types of human cells. Biochem Cell Biol. 1990 Oct;68(10):1189-94. [Content Brief]

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Trolox [53188-07-1]

Cat# HY-101445-1g

Brand : MedChemExpress

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