Emricasan (PF 03491390) is an orally active and irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor. Emricasan inhibits Zika virus (ZIKV)-induced increases in caspase-3 activity and protected human cortical neural progenitors.
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Emricasan Chemical Structure
CAS No. : 254750-02-2
This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.
Based on 36 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Other Forms of Emricasan:
(2R,3S)-Emricasan
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Emricasan purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Cell Death Dis. 2019 Jun 5;10(6):442.
[Abstract]
Western blot determined cleavage of caspase-8, -9, -3 in H7N9-infected monocytes treated or untreated with IDN at 3, 6 and 12hpi. β-actin protein is used as the control for sample loading.
Emricasan purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Cell Death Dis. 2019 Jun 5;10(6):442.
[Abstract]
Morphology examination of infected monocytes with or without IDN treatment at 12hpi. Representative images of immunofluorescence stained influenza A NP protein (green, upper) and bright field (BF, lower) images of the cells.
Immunoblotting analyses of enteroid cultures treated with 4-OHT for 24 h in the presence of Nec1s or Emricasan or Mock, followed by 0.25 ng/mL TNF for 3 h. Cell lysates are immunoblotted with the antibodies indicated on the right.
Cell lysates are collected at day 5 post reactivation and subjected to western blot analysis for p-IRF3 (Ser396), total IRF3, and β-actin (as a loading control).
Emricasan (PF 03491390) is an orally active and irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor. Emricasan inhibits Zika virus (ZIKV)-induced increases in caspase-3 activity and protected human cortical neural progenitors[1].
IC50 & Target[1]
Caspase
In Vitro
Emricasan (PF 03491390; IDN-6556) (50 μM; 24 hours) directly improves hepatocytes phenotype in primary rat cirrhotic hepatocytes[1].
Emricasan (10-50 μM) has hepatoprotective effects in human liver cells[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Emricasan Related Antibodies
In Vivo
Emricasan (PF 03491390; IDN-6556) is orally active that is retained in the liver for a prolonged period of time. TUNEL-positive cells are considerably increased by five-fold in mice fed a HFD and are reduced under Emricasan treatment. In accordance with this observation caspase-3 and -8 are increased in HFD-fed mice by 1.5- and 1.3-fold respectively and are significantly decreased by Emricasan treatment[2].
When comparing efficacy by multiple routes of administration, Emricasan is administered i.p., p.o., i.m., or i.v. (0.03-3 mg/kg). Caspase 3-like activities, measured as DEVD-AMC cleavage, dose dependently decreased with a 92.5% reduction after the highest dose of Emricasan (3 mg/kg). Emricasan is initially tested in the α-Fas model of liver injury, marked hepatocellular apoptosis, and peak ALT activities within 6 h. Emricasan is administered i.p. immediately after administration of α-Fas, ALT activities, measured 6 h later, decreased in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 value of 0.08 (0.06-0.12) mg/kg[3].
Emricasan is a highly selective pan-caspase inhibitor demonstrating irreversible inhibition and a significant first-pass effect. In both syngeneic mouse islets and human islets transplanted into immunodeficient mice, Emricasan (i.p., 20 mg/kg) given for 7 days post-transplant led to a significantly enhanced rate of diabetes reversal as compared to vehicle[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder
-20°C
3 years
4°C
2 years
In solvent
-80°C
2 years
-20°C
1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (175.59 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
1.7559 mL
8.7796 mL
17.5593 mL
5 mM
0.3512 mL
1.7559 mL
3.5119 mL
10 mM
0.1756 mL
0.8780 mL
1.7559 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (4.39 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (4.39 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.39 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
+
%
Tween-80
+
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
[1]. Gracia-Sancho J, et al. Emricasan Ameliorates Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis in Cirrhotic Rats Through a Hepatocyte-Mediated Paracrine Mechanism. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Apr 22;3(7):987-1000.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Barreyro FJ, et al. The pan-caspase inhibitor Emricasan (IDN-6556) decreases liver injury and fibrosis in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int. 2015 Mar;35(3):953-66.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Hoglen NC, et al. Characterization of IDN-6556 (3-[2-(2-tert-butyl-phenylaminooxalyl)-amino]-propionylamino]-4-oxo-5-(2,3,5,6-te trafluoro-phenoxy)-pentanoic acid): a liver-targeted caspase inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 May;309(2):634-40.
[Content Brief]
[4]. McCall M, et al. The caspase inhibitor IDN-6556 (PF3491390) improves marginal mass engraftment after islet transplantation in mice. Surgery. 2011 Jul;150(1):48-55.
[Content Brief]
[5]. Tian J, et al. Combination of Emricasan with AP24534 Synergistically Reduces Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Brain Through Simultaneous Prevention of Apoptosis and Necroptosis. Transl Stroke Res. 2017 Nov 4.
[Content Brief]
[6]. Xu M, et al. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of Zika virus infection and induced neural cell death via a drug repurposing screen. Nat Med. 2016 Oct;22(10):1101-1107.
[Content Brief]
Animal Administration
[2][3]
Mice[2] The male C57BL/6J mice are age-matched and used at approximately 12-16 weeks of age. Four groups are studied (n=60) with 15 mice per group. Groups 1 and 3 receive regular chow. Groups 2 and 4 receive HFD and 50 g/L (Sucrose) is added to drinking water for 20 weeks. Groups 3 and 4 receive Emricasan 0.3 mg/kg/day per os, and Group 1 and 2 receive the vehicle. The oral administration of Emricasan at doses of 0.3 mg/kg corresponds to the ED90 value to prevent liver injury in the model of α-Fas-induced liver injury. Total body weight is measured at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks. Rats[3] The male Sprague-Dawley rats are used. Blood (100 μL/sample) is taken from the carotid cannula 2 to 240 min after administration of Emricasan (i.v., s.c., p.o., or i.p.). Serum is prepared and frozen immediately until analysis. In studies measuring drug concentrations in portal and systemic blood, individual rats are bled (three animals per time point) simultaneously from the portal vein and inferior vena cava. In the biliary excretion study, bile is collected from the common bile duct after i.v. and p.o. administration of Emricasan (10 mg/kg) over a 24-h period on ice and frozen until analysis.
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References
[1]. Gracia-Sancho J, et al. Emricasan Ameliorates Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis in Cirrhotic Rats Through a Hepatocyte-Mediated Paracrine Mechanism. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Apr 22;3(7):987-1000.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Barreyro FJ, et al. The pan-caspase inhibitor Emricasan (IDN-6556) decreases liver injury and fibrosis in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int. 2015 Mar;35(3):953-66.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Hoglen NC, et al. Characterization of IDN-6556 (3-[2-(2-tert-butyl-phenylaminooxalyl)-amino]-propionylamino]-4-oxo-5-(2,3,5,6-te trafluoro-phenoxy)-pentanoic acid): a liver-targeted caspase inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 May;309(2):634-40.
[Content Brief]
[4]. McCall M, et al. The caspase inhibitor IDN-6556 (PF3491390) improves marginal mass engraftment after islet transplantation in mice. Surgery. 2011 Jul;150(1):48-55.
[Content Brief]
[5]. Tian J, et al. Combination of Emricasan with AP24534 Synergistically Reduces Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Brain Through Simultaneous Prevention of Apoptosis and Necroptosis. Transl Stroke Res. 2017 Nov 4.
[Content Brief]
[6]. Xu M, et al. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of Zika virus infection and induced neural cell death via a drug repurposing screen. Nat Med. 2016 Oct;22(10):1101-1107.
[Content Brief]
[1]. Gracia-Sancho J, et al. Emricasan Ameliorates Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis in Cirrhotic Rats Through a Hepatocyte-Mediated Paracrine Mechanism. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Apr 22;3(7):987-1000.
[2]. Barreyro FJ, et al. The pan-caspase inhibitor Emricasan (IDN-6556) decreases liver injury and fibrosis in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int. 2015 Mar;35(3):953-66.
[3]. Hoglen NC, et al. Characterization of IDN-6556 (3-[2-(2-tert-butyl-phenylaminooxalyl)-amino]-propionylamino]-4-oxo-5-(2,3,5,6-te trafluoro-phenoxy)-pentanoic acid): a liver-targeted caspase inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 May;309(2):634-40.
[4]. McCall M, et al. The caspase inhibitor IDN-6556 (PF3491390) improves marginal mass engraftment after islet transplantation in mice. Surgery. 2011 Jul;150(1):48-55.
[5]. Tian J, et al. Combination of Emricasan with AP24534 Synergistically Reduces Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Brain Through Simultaneous Prevention of Apoptosis and Necroptosis. Transl Stroke Res. 2017 Nov 4.
[6]. Xu M, et al. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of Zika virus infection and induced neural cell death via a drug repurposing screen. Nat Med. 2016 Oct;22(10):1101-1107.
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Optional Solvent
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
25 mg
DMSO
1 mM
1.7559 mL
8.7796 mL
17.5593 mL
43.8982 mL
5 mM
0.3512 mL
1.7559 mL
3.5119 mL
8.7796 mL
10 mM
0.1756 mL
0.8780 mL
1.7559 mL
4.3898 mL
15 mM
0.1171 mL
0.5853 mL
1.1706 mL
2.9265 mL
20 mM
0.0878 mL
0.4390 mL
0.8780 mL
2.1949 mL
25 mM
0.0702 mL
0.3512 mL
0.7024 mL
1.7559 mL
30 mM
0.0585 mL
0.2927 mL
0.5853 mL
1.4633 mL
40 mM
0.0439 mL
0.2195 mL
0.4390 mL
1.0975 mL
50 mM
0.0351 mL
0.1756 mL
0.3512 mL
0.8780 mL
60 mM
0.0293 mL
0.1463 mL
0.2927 mL
0.7316 mL
80 mM
0.0219 mL
0.1097 mL
0.2195 mL
0.5487 mL
100 mM
0.0176 mL
0.0878 mL
0.1756 mL
0.4390 mL
Emricasan Related Classifications
ApoptosisAnti-infection
CaspaseFlavivirus
Help & FAQs
Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.