Effect of Tofacitinib administered 1 h before LPS challenge. (A) Effect of different doses of Tofacitinib on STAT3 activation in lung homogenates obtained 30 min after LPS challenge. (B) Effect of different doses of Tofacitinib on STAT3 activation in lung homogenates obtained 4 h after LPS challenge.
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JAK1 JAK2 JAK3 Tyk2 JAK
Description
Tofacitinib is an orally available JAK3/2/1 inhibitor with IC50s of 1, 20, and 112 nM, respectively.
IC50 & Target[1]
JAK3
1 nM (IC50)
JAK2
20 nM (IC50)
JAK1
112 nM (IC50)
Rock-II
3400 nM (IC50)
Lck
3870 nM (IC50)
In Vitro
Tofacitinib (CP-690550) citrate binds potentially at JAK3 and JAK2 as 2.2 nM and 5 nM (Kd). The report includes additional binding for Tofacitinib at Camk1 (Kd of 5,000 nM), DCamkL3 (Kd of 4.5 nM), Mst2 (Kd of 4,300 nM), Pkn1 (Kd of 200 nM), Rps6ka2 (Kin.Dom.2-C-terminal) (Kd of 1,400 nM), Rps6ka6 (Kin.Dom.2-C-terminal) (Kd of 1,200 nM), Snark (Kd of 420 nM), Tnk1 (Kd of 640 nM) and Tyk2 (Kd of 620 nM)[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Tofacitinib Related Antibodies
In Vivo
Animals that are treated with Tofacitinib show a significantly lower production of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) compare with PEG-treated control mice (for five weeks after initial immunization, p<0.01, n=8). Moreover ADAs become detectable earliest on day 28. A difference of 1000- to 200-fold in titers to SS1P is apparent from days 21 through 35, respectively. Compare to SS1P, mice injected with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) generate a more rapid antibody response. Yet, the administration of Tofacitinib reduces anti-KLH titers compare to controls (p<0.05 on day 21, p<0.01 on day 28, respectively, n=5). Reductions in titers ranged from 5000- to 250-fold from days 21 through 28, respectively[2]. Based on previous dose-response studies, a daily dose of Tofacitinib of 6.2 mg/kg is selected to provide 80% inhibition of hind paw volume and plasma exposure capable of suppressing the JAK1 and JAK3 signaling pathways for >4 hours[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder
-20°C
3 years
4°C
2 years
In solvent
-80°C
2 years
-20°C
1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 125 mg/mL (400.17 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Ethanol : 2.5 mg/mL (8.00 mM; Need ultrasonic)
H2O : 0.15 mg/mL (0.48 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming)
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
3.2013 mL
16.0067 mL
32.0133 mL
5 mM
0.6403 mL
3.2013 mL
6.4027 mL
10 mM
0.3201 mL
1.6007 mL
3.2013 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 4
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly.
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution.
If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation,
heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: 0.5% Methyl cellulose/0.5% Tween-80 in Saline water
Solubility: 5 mg/mL (16.01 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
+
%
Tween-80
+
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
[1]. Jiang JK, et al. Examining the chirality, conformation and selective kinase inhibition of 3-((3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-(methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (CP-690,550). J Med Chem. 2008 Dec 25;51(24):8012-8.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Onda M, et al. Tofacitinib suppresses antibody responses to protein therapeutics in murine hosts. J Immunol. 2014 Jul 1;193(1):48-55.
[Content Brief]
[3]. LaBranche TP, et al. JAK inhibition with tofacitinib suppresses arthritic joint structural damage through decreased RANKL production. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Nov;64(11):3531-42.
[Content Brief]
[4]. Calama E, et al. Tofacitinib ameliorates inflammation in a rat model of airway neutrophilia induced by inhaled LPS. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Apr;43:60-67.
[Content Brief]
Kinase Assay
[1]
Kinase activity is recorded via a competition binding assay of selected kinases that are fused to a proprietary tag. Measurements of the amount of kinase binds to an immobilized, active-site directed ligand in the presence and absence of the test compound (e.g., Tofacitinib) provide a % of DMSO control for binding of ligand. Activities between 0 and 10 are selected for Kd determinations. Dendrogram representations are generated by an in-house visualization tool designated PhyloChem[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Cell Assay
[1]
Human CD4+ positive cells are enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from a healthy donor by magnetic separation (CD4+ MACS beads). CD4+ cells are activated for 3 days with plate bound anti-CD3 and anti CD28 antibodies (5 ug/mL each), and then expanded for another 4 days in the presence of IL-2 (50 U/mL). Cells are rested overnight in 1% RPMI, and pre-incubated with Tofacitinib or DMSO control for 1 hour at indicated concentrations (5 nM, 50 nM, 500 nM; DMSO concentration is equal in all preparations) and then activated with IL-2 (1000 u/mL) or IL-12 (100 ng/mL) for 15 minutes. Cells (10×106/condition) are lysed in 1% Triton-x lysis buffer and equal amounts of cell lysate are run in NuPage Bis-Tris gel (4-12% gradient). Proteins are transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane. Detection is done with indicated antibodies using Odyssey western blotting system[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration
[2][3]
Mice[2] Female BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old) are used. Mice receive Tofacitinib in PEG300 (100 mg/mL) or vehicle alone (PEG300) by osmotic pump infusion (Alzet Model 2004, 0.25 μL/hour, 28 days). Four days prior to immunization, mice are anesthetized and their dorsal surface is shaved. A one cm incision is made on the back to create a subcutaneous pocket and insert the pump. The incision site is closed with wound clips. Mice are injected weekly (i.p.) with SS1P recombinant immunotoxin (RIT; 5 μg/mouse) beginning on day 0; control mice received injections of saline alone. Every week before SS1P or vehicle immunization, 50 μL of blood is drawn to obtain serum samples. Sera are stored at −80°C until analyzed. Rats[3] Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) is induced in female Lewis rats. Rats are randomized according to hind paw volume and assigned to Tofacitinib or vehicle treatment regimens. Groups of 7-8 rats per treatment group, and normal naive rats (n=4 per group), are euthanized either 4 hours, 4 days, or 7 days after beginning treatment (days 16, 20, and 23 after immunization, respectively). Tofacitinib is suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose/0.025% Tween 20 for in vivo studies. Once-daily oral administration of vehicle or Tofacitinib (6.2 mg/kg) is initiated on day 16 following immunization and continued through day 23. Paw volumes are reassessed 4 and 7 days after the beginning of treatment (days 20 and 23 after immunization, respectively). For micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging, as well as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in paw tissue, AIA is induced in a separate cohort of Lewis rats.
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References
[1]. Jiang JK, et al. Examining the chirality, conformation and selective kinase inhibition of 3-((3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-(methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (CP-690,550). J Med Chem. 2008 Dec 25;51(24):8012-8.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Onda M, et al. Tofacitinib suppresses antibody responses to protein therapeutics in murine hosts. J Immunol. 2014 Jul 1;193(1):48-55.
[Content Brief]
[3]. LaBranche TP, et al. JAK inhibition with tofacitinib suppresses arthritic joint structural damage through decreased RANKL production. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Nov;64(11):3531-42.
[Content Brief]
[4]. Calama E, et al. Tofacitinib ameliorates inflammation in a rat model of airway neutrophilia induced by inhaled LPS. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Apr;43:60-67.
[Content Brief]
[1]. Jiang JK, et al. Examining the chirality, conformation and selective kinase inhibition of 3-((3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-(methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (CP-690,550). J Med Chem. 2008 Dec 25;51(24):8012-8.
[2]. Onda M, et al. Tofacitinib suppresses antibody responses to protein therapeutics in murine hosts. J Immunol. 2014 Jul 1;193(1):48-55.
[3]. LaBranche TP, et al. JAK inhibition with tofacitinib suppresses arthritic joint structural damage through decreased RANKL production. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Nov;64(11):3531-42.
[4]. Calama E, et al. Tofacitinib ameliorates inflammation in a rat model of airway neutrophilia induced by inhaled LPS. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Apr;43:60-67.
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Optional Solvent
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
25 mg
Ethanol / DMSO
1 mM
3.2013 mL
16.0067 mL
32.0133 mL
80.0333 mL
5 mM
0.6403 mL
3.2013 mL
6.4027 mL
16.0067 mL
DMSO
10 mM
0.3201 mL
1.6007 mL
3.2013 mL
8.0033 mL
15 mM
0.2134 mL
1.0671 mL
2.1342 mL
5.3356 mL
20 mM
0.1601 mL
0.8003 mL
1.6007 mL
4.0017 mL
25 mM
0.1281 mL
0.6403 mL
1.2805 mL
3.2013 mL
30 mM
0.1067 mL
0.5336 mL
1.0671 mL
2.6678 mL
40 mM
0.0800 mL
0.4002 mL
0.8003 mL
2.0008 mL
50 mM
0.0640 mL
0.3201 mL
0.6403 mL
1.6007 mL
60 mM
0.0534 mL
0.2668 mL
0.5336 mL
1.3339 mL
80 mM
0.0400 mL
0.2001 mL
0.4002 mL
1.0004 mL
100 mM
0.0320 mL
0.1601 mL
0.3201 mL
0.8003 mL
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.
