GW-1100 is a selective GPR40 antagonist with a pIC50 of 6.9.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
GW-1100 Chemical Structure
CAS No. : 306974-70-9
This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.
Based on 19 publication(s) in Google Scholar
GW-1100 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
J Endocrinol. 2019 Feb 1;240(2):195-214.
[Abstract]
Western analysis of p-Akt, t-Akt and IRS2 in the treatment of STZ, GW1100 or Vin.
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Description
GW-1100 is a selective GPR40 antagonist with a pIC50 of 6.9.
IC50 & Target
pIC50: 6.9 (GPR40)[1]
In Vitro
GW-1100 (GW1100) dose dependently inhibits GPR40-mediated Ca2+ elevations stimulated by GW9508 and linoleic acid (pIC50 values of 5.99±0.03 and 5.99±0.06, respectively). GW-1100 at a concentration of 1 μM produces a significant rightward shift in the concentration-response curve to GW9508 (pEC50=7.17±0.08 in the absence and pEC50=6.79±0.09 in the presence of 1 μM GW-1100; P<0.05; n=3). At concentrations of GW-1100 of 3 μM and higher a significant decrease in the maximal response is observed with a continuing rightward shift in the pEC50 response[2]. GW-1100 (GW1100) reduces FFAR1 ligand-induced intracellular calcium in CHO-K1/bFFAR1 cells and neutrophils. CHO-K1/bFFAR1 cells are incubated for 15 min with 10 μM GW1100 or vehicle (0.1% DMSO) and then stimulated with vehicle, oleic acid, linoleic acid or GW9508. GW-1100 significantly reduces the increase in intracellular calcium induced by 300 μM oleic acid (AUC(60-150 s), p<0.05), 100 μM linoleic acid (AUC(60-150 s), p<0.05) and 10 μM GW9508 (AUC(60-150 s), p<0.05)[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
GW-1100 Related Antibodies
In Vivo
The intracerebroventricular injection of DHA (50 μg) and GW9508 (1.0 μg), a GPR40-selective agonist, significantly reduces mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at day 7, but not at day 1, after CFA injection. These effects are inhibited by intracerebroventricular pretreatment with GW-1100 (10 μg), a GPR40 antagonist[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder
-20°C
3 years
4°C
2 years
In solvent
-80°C
2 years
-20°C
1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (96.05 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
1.9209 mL
9.6047 mL
19.2093 mL
5 mM
0.3842 mL
1.9209 mL
3.8419 mL
10 mM
0.1921 mL
0.9605 mL
1.9209 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 50% PBS
Solubility: 5 mg/mL (9.60 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Protocol 2
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.80 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
Solubility: 0.06 mg/mL (0.12 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
+
%
Tween-80
+
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
[1]. Stoddart LA, et al. Uncovering the pharmacology of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR40: high apparent constitutive activity in guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate binding studies reflects binding of an endogenous agonist. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;71(
[Content Brief]
[2]. Briscoe CP, et al. Pharmacological regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells through the fatty acid receptor GPR40: identification of agonist and antagonist small molecules. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Jul;148(5):619-28.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Manosalva C, et al. Cloning, identification and functional characterization of bovine free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1/GPR40) in neutrophils. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 19;10(3):e0119715.
[Content Brief]
[4]. Nakamoto K, et al. Hypothalamic GPR40 signaling activated by free long chain fatty acids suppresses CFA-induced inflammatorychronic pain. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 12;8(12):e81563.
[Content Brief]
Cell Assay
[3]
CHO-K1/bFFAR1 or CHO-K1/pcDNA3.1 cells (2×106 cells/2 mL) are loaded with 2.5 μM Fura-2AM fluorescent indicator dye in recording buffer (10 mM HEPES, 140 mM NaCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 21 mM MgCl2, 25 mM KCl, 10 mM glucose, pH 7.4) for 30 min, washed three times with recording buffer, and returned to the incubator for 10 min. Cells are incubated with different concentrations of propionic acid (1, 10 and 30 mM), oleic acid (0-500 μM), linoleic acid (0-200 μM), GW9508 (0-100 μM), ionomycin (2 μM), thapsigargin (2 μM) or vehicle (0.1% DMSO). The fatty acid concentrations used in all experiments are in the range of concentrations of healthy and peripartum cows. In another set of experiments, cells are incubated with either 10 μM GW-1100 for 15 min, 2 μM U73122 for 3 min or vehicle (0.1% DMSO) for 15 min and then stimulated with either 300 μM oleic acid, 100 μM linoleic acid or 10 μM GW9508. Cellular fluorescence (Ca2+) is measured at 509 nm emission with 340/380 nm dual wavelength excitation using a LS55 spectrofluorimeter. Cuvette temperatures are maintained at 37°C with constant stirring[3].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration
[4]
Mice[4] Male ddY mice (age, 4 weeks) are housed in cages at 23-24°C with a 12-h light-dark cycle (lights from 8 am to 8 pm) and food and waterad libitum. DHA (50 µg/mouse), the selective GPR40-agonist GW9508 (1.0-25 µg/mouse) and the GPR40 antagonist GW1100 (1-10 µg/mouse) are dissolved in 1% DMSO and the solution is diluted with saline before von Frey testing (1% DMSO final concentration). The doses of GW9508 are chosen based upon our previous publication, whereas GW-1100 is selected on the basis of previous reports and our preliminary experiments. Under a non-anesthetized state, DHA and GW9508 are administered via the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) route 10 min before CFA injection, and GW1100 is administered via the i.c.v. route 10 min before GW9508 injection. Flavopiridol (5 and 15 nmol/mouse), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is administered by i.c.v. injection into the left lateral ventricle of the mice twice a day (at 9:00 and 19:00) after CFA treatment.
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References
[1]. Stoddart LA, et al. Uncovering the pharmacology of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR40: high apparent constitutive activity in guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate binding studies reflects binding of an endogenous agonist. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;71(
[Content Brief]
[2]. Briscoe CP, et al. Pharmacological regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells through the fatty acid receptor GPR40: identification of agonist and antagonist small molecules. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Jul;148(5):619-28.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Manosalva C, et al. Cloning, identification and functional characterization of bovine free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1/GPR40) in neutrophils. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 19;10(3):e0119715.
[Content Brief]
[4]. Nakamoto K, et al. Hypothalamic GPR40 signaling activated by free long chain fatty acids suppresses CFA-induced inflammatorychronic pain. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 12;8(12):e81563.
[Content Brief]
[1]. Stoddart LA, et al. Uncovering the pharmacology of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR40: high apparent constitutive activity in guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate binding studies reflects binding of an endogenous agonist. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;71(
[2]. Briscoe CP, et al. Pharmacological regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells through the fatty acid receptor GPR40: identification of agonist and antagonist small molecules. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Jul;148(5):619-28.
[3]. Manosalva C, et al. Cloning, identification and functional characterization of bovine free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1/GPR40) in neutrophils. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 19;10(3):e0119715.
[4]. Nakamoto K, et al. Hypothalamic GPR40 signaling activated by free long chain fatty acids suppresses CFA-induced inflammatorychronic pain. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 12;8(12):e81563.
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Optional Solvent
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
25 mg
DMSO
1 mM
1.9209 mL
9.6047 mL
19.2093 mL
48.0234 mL
5 mM
0.3842 mL
1.9209 mL
3.8419 mL
9.6047 mL
10 mM
0.1921 mL
0.9605 mL
1.9209 mL
4.8023 mL
15 mM
0.1281 mL
0.6403 mL
1.2806 mL
3.2016 mL
20 mM
0.0960 mL
0.4802 mL
0.9605 mL
2.4012 mL
25 mM
0.0768 mL
0.3842 mL
0.7684 mL
1.9209 mL
30 mM
0.0640 mL
0.3202 mL
0.6403 mL
1.6008 mL
40 mM
0.0480 mL
0.2401 mL
0.4802 mL
1.2006 mL
50 mM
0.0384 mL
0.1921 mL
0.3842 mL
0.9605 mL
60 mM
0.0320 mL
0.1601 mL
0.3202 mL
0.8004 mL
80 mM
0.0240 mL
0.1201 mL
0.2401 mL
0.6003 mL
GW-1100 Related Classifications
GPCR/G Protein
Free Fatty Acid Receptor
Help & FAQs
Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.
