Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is expressed at high levels in pluripotent stem cells. AP dephosphorylates nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids under alkaline conditions. After staining, undifferentiated cells appear red or purple whereas differentiated cells appear colorless.

The undifferentiated state of embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be characterized by a high level of alkaline phosphatase (AP) expression which, along with the expression of other surface markers, indicates undifferentiated cells with the potential to self-renew. AP is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for dephosphorylating molecules such as nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids under alkaline conditions. When fixed ES or iPS cells are stained using the AP Staining Kit, undifferentiated cells appear red or purple, whereas differentiated cells appear colorless.

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StemAb brand name is the property of REPROCELL Inc., Japan.

00-0055 Specifications Sheet

Safety Data Sheets:

• 00-0055 Safety Data Sheet
• 09-0042 Safety Data Sheet
• 09-0043 Safety Data Sheet
• 09-0065 Safety Data Sheet
• 09-0066 Safety Data Sheet

Protocols:

• Protocol: StemAb Alkaline Phosphatase Staining Kit II

Pease, S., Braghetta, P., Gearing, D., Grail, D., and Williams, R.L. (1990) Isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cells in media supplemented with recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Dev Biol. 141: 344-352.

Smith, A.G., Nichols, J., Robertson, M., and Rathjen, P.D. (1992) Differentiation inhibiting activity (DIA/LIF) and mouse development. Dev. Biol. 151: 339-351.

Takahashi, K., Tanabe K., Ohnuki, M., Narita, M., Ichisaka T., Tomoda K. and Yamanaka, S. (2007) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131: 861-872.

Yu, J., Vodyanik, M.A., Smuga-Otto, K., Antosiewicz-Bourget, J., Frane, J.L., Tian, S., Nie, J., Jonsdottir, G.A., Ruotti, V., Stewart, R., Slukvin, I.I., and Thomson, J.A. (2007) Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 318: 1917-1920.

Additional Publications

• Al Mamun MM; Khan MR; Zhu Y; Zhang W; Zhou S; Xu R; Bukhari I; Thorne RF; Li J; Zhang XD; Liu G; Chen S; Wu M; Song X. Stub1 maintains proteostasis of master transcription factors in embryonic stem cells. Cell Reports 39:110919 (2022).
• Du W; Cui J; Zhang J; Zhang H; Liu R; Yang W; Zhang Y. Generation of universal natural killer cells from a cryopreserved cord blood mononuclear cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cell library. FEBS Open Bio 12:1771 (2022).
• Im YS; Yoo DH; Kim H-E; Oh JY; Kim Y-O. Generation of integration-free induced pluripotent stem cell line (KSCBi012-A) from urinary epithelial cells of a healthy male individual. Stem Cell Res 63:102841 (2022).
• Chen X; Luan Y; Ying R; Uyan W; Tian P; Hua D; Feng Y. Method for constructing human iPS cell line RZPBi001 from Peripheral Blood Cells. Research Square ://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1582613/v1 (2022).
• Jeon SM; Lim JS; Park SH; Kime HJ; Kim H-R; Lee J-H. Blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 signaling promotes osteo-/odontogenic differentiation through Ras activation. Int J Oral Sci 14:18 (2022).
• Nishio M; Matsuura T; Hibi S; Ohta S; Oka C; Sasai N; Ishida Y; Matsuda E. Heterozygous loss of Zbtb38 leads to early embryonic lethality via the suppression of Nanog and Sox2 expression. Cell Proliferation 55:e13215 (2021).
• Jaensch ES; Zhu J; Chchrane JC; Marr SK; Oei TA; Damle M; McCaslin EZ; Kingston RE. A Polycomb domain found in committed cells impairs differentiation when introduced into PRC1 in pluripotent cells. Mol Cell 22:4677-91 (2021).
• Lubanska D; Qemo I; Byrne M; Matthews KN; Fifield B-A; Brown J; Da Silva EF; Porter LA. The cyclin-like protein SPY1 overrides reprogramming induced senescence through EZH2 mediated H3K27me3. Stem Cells 39:1688-1700 (2021).
• Taguchi J; Shibata H; Kabata M; Kato M; Fukuda K; Tanaka A; Ohta S; Ukai T; Mitsunaga K; Yamada T; Nagoka SI; Yamazawa S; Ohnishi K; Woltjen K Ushiku T; Ozawa M; Saitou M; Shinkai Y; Yamamoto T; Yamada Y. DMRT1-mediated reprogramming drives development of cancer resembling human germ cell tumors with features of totipotency. Nature Commun 12:5041 (2021).
• Rajasingh S; Sigamani V; Selvam V; Gurusamy S; Kirankumar S; Vasanthan J; Rajasingh J. Comparative analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 25:8904 (2021).
• Méjécase C; Harding P; Sarkar J; Eintracht J; Cunha DL; Toualbi L; Moosajee M. Generation of two human control iPS cell lines (UCLi016-A and UCLi017-A) from healthy donors with no known ocular conditions. Stem Cell Res 49:102113 (2020).
• Yoo J; La Y; Lee EJ; Choi J-J; Oh J; Thang NX; Hong K. ATP-Dependent chromatin remodeler CHD9 controls the proliferation of embryonic stem cells in a cell culture condition-dependent manner. Biology 9:428 (2020).
• Chung CY; Lo PHY; Lee KKH. Babam2 Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Pluripotency in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells as Revealed by Induced DNA Damage. Biomedicines 8:397 (2020).
• Torzal F; Lau QY; Ibuki M; Kawai T; Horikawa M; Minami M; Horiguchi I; Nishikawa M; Sakai Y. High-density hiPSCs expansion supported by growth factors accumulation in a simple dialysis-culture platform. Research Square ://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-71643/v1(2020).
• Choi NY; Bang JS; Park YS; Lee M; Hwange HS; Ko K; Myung SC; Tapia N; Schöler HR; Kim GJ; Ko K. Generation of human androgenetic induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 10:3614 (2020).
• Hu X; Wu Q; Zhang J; Chen X; Hartman A; Eastman A: Guo S. Reprogramming progressive cells display low CAG promoter activity. bioRxiv :https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.975664 (2020).
• Parfenov VA; Mironov VA; Koudan EV; Nezhurina EK; Karalkin PA; Pereira FDAS; Petrov SV; Krokhmal KK; Tydemir R; Vakhrushev EV; Zobkov YV; Smirnov IV; Fedotov AY; Demirci U; Khesuani YD; Komlev VS. Fabrication of calcium phosphate 3D scaffolds for bone repair using magnetic levitational assembly. Sci Rep 10:4013 (2020).
• Choi NY; Bang JS; Park YS; Lee M; Hwange HS; Ko K; Myung SC; Tapia N; Schöler HR; Kim GJ; Ko K. Generation of human androgenetic induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 10:3614 (2020).
• Ha M; Athirasala A; Tahayeri A; Menezes PP; Bertassoni LE. Micropatterned hydrogels and cell alignment enhance the odontogenic potential of stem cells from apical papilla in-vitro. Dental Materials in press:doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2019.10.013 (2019).
• Hao Y; Fan X; Shi Y; ZXhang C; Sun E-E; Qin K; Qin W; Zhou W; Chen X. Next-generation unnatural monosaccharides reveal that ESRRB O-GlcNAcylation regulates pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature Commun 10:4065 (2019).
• Ge N; Liu M; Krawczyz J; McInerney V; Galvin J; Shen S; O'Brien T; Prendiville T. Generation of eight human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from familial Long QT Syndrome type 1 (LQT1) patients carrying KCNQ1 c.1697C>A mutation (NUIGi005-A, NUIGi005-B, NUIGi005-C, NUIGi006-A, NUIGi006-B, NUIGi006-C, NUIGi007-A, and NUIGi007-B). Stem Cell Res in press:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2019.101502 (2019).
• Mura M; Pisano F; Stefanelllo M; Cinevrino M; Boni M; Calabrò F; Crotti L; Valente EM; Schwartz PJ; Brink PA; Gnecchi M. Generation of two human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines from a long QT syndrome South African founder population. Stem Cell Res in Press:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2019.101510 (2019).
• Headley KM; Kedziora KM; Alejo A; Lai EZ-X; Purvis JE; Hathaway NA. Chemical screen for epigenetic barriers to single allele activation of Oct4. Stem Cell Res in Press:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2019.101470 (2019).
• Johari B; Asadi Z; Rismani E; Maghsood F; Rezaei ZS; Farahani S; Madanchi H; Kadivar M. Inhibition of transcription factor T‐cell‐factor 3 (TCF3) using oligodeoxynucleotide strategy increases embryonic stem cell stemness: The possible application in regenerative medicine. Cell Biol Intl in press:doi: 10.1002/cbin.11153 (2019).
• Watanabe T; Yamazaki S; Yoneda N; Shinohara H; Tomioka I; Iiguchi T; Tagoto M; Ema M; Suemizu H; Kawai K; Sasaki E. Highly efficient induction of primate iPS cells by combining RNA transfection and chemical compounds. Genes to Cells in press:doi:10.1111/gtc.12702 (2019).
• Panina Y. Development of a new high-precision quantification methodology for gene expression analysis and its application in iPS cells. Doctoral Thesis, Osaka University : (2019).
• Soda M; Saitoh I; Murakami T; Inada E; Iwase Y; Noguchi H; Shibasaki S; Murosawa M; Sawami T; Terunuma M; Kubota N; Terao Y; Ohshima H; Hayasaki H; Sato M. Repeated human deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cell reprogramming factor transfection yields multipotent intermediate cells with enhanced iPS cell formation capability. Sci Rep 9:1490 (2019).
• Castro AA; Rodriguez ML; del Buey Furia V; Erceg S; Lukovic D. Generation of a human iPSC line by mRNA reprogramming. Stem Cell Research doi:10.1016/j.scr.2018.02.011:1829 (2018)
• Lin VJT; Zolekar A; Shi Y; Koneru B; Dimitrijevich S; Di Pasqua AJ; Wang C-Y. Potassium as a pluripotency-associated element identified through inorganic element profiling in human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Reports 7:5005 (2017).
• Momcilovic O; Sivapatham R; Oron TR; Meyer M; Mooney S; Rao MA; Zeng X. Derivation, characterization, and neural differentiation of integration-free induced pluripotent stem cell lines from Parkinson's disease patients carrying SNCA, LRRK2, PARK2, and GBA mutations. _PLoS ONE_ 11(5): e0154890\. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154890 (2016).
• Borenstrom C; Simonsson S; Enochson L; BIgdeli N; Branstsing C; Ellerstrom C; Hyllner J; Lindahl A. Footprint-Free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Articular Cartilage With Redifferentiation Capacity: A First Step Toward a Clinical-Grade Cell Source. Stem Cells Translat Med 3:433-447 (2014).